Household back-checked?
1 = Yes
2 = No

Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit
1 = Urban
2 = Rural

Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1
1 = Refused to be interviewed
2 = Person selected was never at home
3 = Household/Premises empty for the survey period
4 = Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language
5 = Deaf/Did not speak a survey language
6 = Did not fit gender quota
7 = Other
997 = Not Applicable

Previous interview, gender
1 = Male
2 = Female

Number of calls
1 = 1
2 = 2

Q1a. Country's present economic condition
-1 = Missing
1 = Very Bad
2 = Fairly bad
3 = Neither good nor bad
4 = Fairly good
5 = Very good
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q2a. Country's economic condition vs. neighbours
-1 = Missing
1 = Much Worse
2 = Worse
3 = Same
4 = Better
5 = Much Better
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q5a. First meaning of "poor"
14 = Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect
17 = Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc)
18 = Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds)
22 = Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities
37 = To only live for today/live day-to-day/no future planning

Q6a. Score self rich/poor today
-1 = Missing
0 = 00
1 = 01
2 = 02
3 = 03
4 = 04
5 = 05
6 = 06
7 = 07
8 = 08
9 = 09
10 = 10
98 = Refused
99 = Don't know

Q7a. Depend on earning wage or salary
-1 = Missing
0 = Not at All
1 = A Little
2 = A Lot
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q8a. Time spent working to earn money
-1 = Missing
0 = Spend no time
1 = Less than 1 hour
2 = 1-2 hours
3 = 3-5 hours
4 = More than 5 hours
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q9a. How often gone without food
-1 = Missing
0 = Never
1 = Just once or twice
2 = Several times
3 = Many times
4 = Always
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q10a. Who assists with food
-1 = Missing
0 = No-one
1 = Kin
2 = Community
3 = Market
4 = Government
5 = Illicit
7 = Not Applicable
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy
-1 = Missing
1 = STATEMENT C: doesn't matter
2 = STATEMENT B: government-run economy
3 = STATEMENT A: market economy
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q13a. Government plans production and distribution
-1 = Missing
1 = Strongly Disapprove
2 = Disapprove
3 = Neither Approve Nor Disapprove
4 = Approve
5 = Strongly Approve
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q14. Free schooling vs. user fees
-1 = Missing
1 = Agree very strongly with A
2 = Agree with A
3 = Agree with B
4 = Agree very strongly with B
5 = Agree with neither
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q22a. Present vs. past: Availability of goods
-1 = Missing
1 = Much Worse
2 = Worse
3 = About the same
4 = Better
5 = Much Better
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q23. Satisfied with government's reduced economic role
-1 = Missing
0 = Government has not reduced its role
1 = Not at all satisfied
2 = Not very satisfied
3 = Fairly satisfied
4 = Very satisfied
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q24a. Member of religious group
-1 = Missing
0 = Not a Member
1 = Inactive Member
2 = Active Member
3 = Official Leader
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q25a. Discuss politics
-1 = Missing
0 = No, would never do this
1 = No, but would do if had the chance
2 = Yes, once or twice
3 = Yes, several times
4 = Yes, often
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q26a. Radio news
-1 = Missing
0 = Never
1 = Less than once a month
2 = A few times a month
3 = A few times a week
4 = Every day
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q27. Interest in public affairs
-1 = Missing
0 = Not interested
1 = Somewhat interested
2 = Very interested
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q28a. Politics and government too complicated
-1 = Missing
1 = Strongly Agree
2 = Agree
3 = Neither Agree Nor Disagree
4 = Disagree
5 = Strongly Disagree
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q29a. Contact local government councilor
-1 = Missing
0 = Never
1 = Only once
2 = A few times
3 = Often
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q37. How democratic
-1 = Missing
1 = Not a democracy
2 = A democracy, with major problems
3 = A democracy, but with minor problems
4 = A full democracy
8 = Do not understand question/democracy
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q38. Support for democracy
-1 = Missing
1 = STATEMENT C: Doesn't matter.
2 = STATEMENT B: Sometimes non-democratic preferable
3 = STATEMENT A: Democracy preferable.
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q40. Satisfaction with democracy
-1 = Missing
0 = Malawi is not a democracy
1 = Not at all satisfied
2 = Not very satisfied
3 = Fairly satisfied
4 = Very satisfied
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q41a. Careful about what you say
-1 = Missing
0 = Never
1 = Rarely
2 = Often
3 = Always
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q42a. Constitution expresses values and aspirations
-1 = Missing
1 = Strongly Disagree
2 = Disagree
3 = Neither Agree Nor Disagree
4 = Agree
5 = Strongly Agree
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q43a. Trust the President
-1 = Missing
0 = Not at all
1 = A little bit
2 = A lot
3 = A very great deal
9 = Don't know/Haven't heard enough
98 = Refused

Q43e. Trust your local council
-1 = Missing
0 = Not at all
1 = A little bit
2 = A lot
3 = A very great deal
9 = Don't know/Haven't heard enough
97 = Not applicable
98 = Refused

Q44pt1. Most important problems - 1st response
32 = Social welfare (care of widows, elderly, poor)
33 = Social problems (alcohol or drug abuse, prostitution,etc.)

Q44pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response
-1 = Missing data
1 = Unemployment
2 = Management of the economy
3 = Poverty/destitution
4 = Farming/agriculture
5 = Food shortage/famine
6 = Communications
7 = Wages, incomes and salaries
8 = Rates and Taxes
9 = Education
10 = Health
11 = AIDS
12 = Crime and Security
13 = Water supply
14 = Services (other)
15 = Transportation
16 = Housing
17 = Corruption
18 = Political violence
19 = Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions
20 = Discrimination/inequality
21 = Gender issues/women's rights
22 = Democracy/political rights
23 = War (international)
24 = Civil war
25 = Drought
26 = Orphans/street children/homeless children
27 = Infrastructure/roads
28 = Loans/credit
29 = Land
30 = Electricity
31 = Religious conflict
32 = Social welfare (care of widows, elderly, poor)
33 = Social problems (alcohol or drug abuse, prostitution,etc.)
34 = Discrimination/inequality/equal opportunity
35 = Overpopulation
36 = Colonialism
995 = Other
996 = No further reply

Q45a. Handling managing the economy
-1 = Missing
1 = Very Badly
2 = Fairly Badly
3 = Fairly Well
4 = Very Well
9 = Don't know/Haven't heard enough
98 = Refused

Q47. Proportion of problems solvable
-1 = Missing
0 = None of them
1 = Very few of them
2 = Some of them
3 = Most of them
4 = All of them
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q48a. Performance: President
-1 = Missing
1 = Strongly Disapprove
2 = Disapprove
3 = Approve
4 = Strongly Approve
9 = Don't know/Haven't heard enough
98 = Refused

Q49a. Responsibilities of Assembly Representative - 1st response
-1 = Missing data
0 = None/No responsibilities
1 = Make laws
2 = Approve/ratify budget
3 = Listen to the people
4 = Represent the people
5 = Check and balance executive branch
6 = Deliver development
7 = Fight corruption
8 = Make the government work better
9 = Ensure economic equality
10 = Spend their own money in the constituency
11 = To ensure justice
12 = To rule/to govern
13 = Ensure national unity
14 = National security
15 = Interpret laws/constitution
16 = Civic education
17 = Environment
20 = Implement education policies
21 = Implement health policies
22 = Create employment
23 = Control prices
24 = Control crime
25 = Manage the macro-economy
26 = Help the poor
27 = Improve infrastructure
28 = International relations
29 = Ensure/protect/promote democracy
30 = Handle AIDS issues/AIDS awareness
31 = Debate/discuss/solve pr
32 = Social welfare issues (fight poverty, assist poor, elderly)
33 = Manage land issues/land distribution
34 = Improve agriculture/assist farmers
35 = Housing issues
50 = Help the population
995 = Other
998 = Refused to answer
999 = Don't know

Q49b. Responsibilities of Assembly Representative - 2nd response
-1 = Missing data
1 = Make laws
2 = Approve/ratify budget
3 = Listen to the people
4 = Represent the people
5 = Check and balance executive branch
6 = Deliver development
7 = Fight corruption
8 = Make the government work better
9 = Ensure economic equality
10 = Spend their own money in the constituency
11 = To ensure justice
12 = To rule/to govern
13 = Ensure national unity
14 = National security
15 = Interpret laws/constitution
16 = Civic education
17 = Environment
20 = Implement education policies
21 = Implement health policies
22 = Create employment
23 = Control prices
24 = Control crime
25 = Manage the macro-economy
26 = Help the poor
27 = Improve infrastructure
28 = International relations
29 = Ensure/protect/promote democracy
30 = Handle AIDS issues/AIDS awareness
31 = Debate/discuss/solve pr
32 = Social welfare issues (fight poverty, assist poor, elderly)
33 = Manage land issues/land distribution
34 = Improve agriculture/assist farmers
35 = Housing issues
50 = Help the population
995 = Other
996 = No further reply

Q50a. Leaders look after people's interests
-1 = Missing
0 = Never
1 = Some of the time
2 = Most of the time
3 = Always
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q51a. Corruption: Office of the Presidency
-1 = Missing
0 = None
1 = Some of them
2 = Most of them
3 = All of them
9 = Don't Know/Haven't heard enough
98 = Refused

Q52a. Enforce the law: Serious crime
-1 = Missing
1 = Not at all likely
2 = Not very likely
3 = Likely
4 = Very likely
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q53a. Present vs. past: Ability to enforce the law
-1 = Missing
1 = Much Less
2 = Less
3 = About the same
4 = More
5 = Much More
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q53a_new. Effectiveness of AU/OAU
-1 = Missing
0 = 00
1 = 01
2 = 02
3 = 03
4 = 04
5 = 05
6 = 06
7 = 07
8 = 08
9 = 09
10 = 10
98 = Refused
99 = Don't know/Haven't heard enough

Q54. Identity group
-1 = Missing data
0 = Can't explain
1 = Language/tribe/ethnic group
2 = Race
3 = Region
4 = Religion
5 = Occupation
6 = Class
7 = Gender
8 = Individual/personal
10 = Won't differentiate/National identity
12 = Traditional leader
13 = Political party indentity
14 = Age-related
15 = African/West African/Pan African
16 = Island
995 = Other
998 = Refused to answer
999 = Don't know

Q55. Identity group's economic conditions
-1 = Missing
1 = Much Better
2 = Better
3 = About the same
4 = Worse
5 = Much Worse
7 = Not applicable
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q56. Identity group treated unfairly
-1 = Missing
0 = Never
1 = Sometimes
2 = Often
3 = Always
7 = Not applicable
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q57. Group or national identity
-1 = Missing
0 = National identity
1 = Group identity
7 = Not applicable
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q58a. Difficulty to obtain identity document
-1 = Missing
1 = Very Difficult
2 = Difficult
3 = Easy
4 = Very Easy
7 = Never Try
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q59a. Pay bribe for: Document or permit
-1 = Missing
0 = Never
1 = Once or Twice
2 = A Few Times
3 = Often
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q59g. Pay bribe for: Other things for which bribes are paid
-1 = Missing
1 = To get a government job
2 = To get healthcare
3 = For university placement/exemption
995 = Other
997 = Not applicable

Q60. Do if permit/license delay
-1 = Missing
1 = Don't worry, just wait
2 = Offer a tip or a gift to the official
3 = Use connections to influential people
4 = Write a letter to the head office
5 = Do what you want without the permit
6 = Do nothing because nothing can be done
995 = Other
998 = Refused
999 = Don't know

Q71a. Violent conflicts within family
-1 = Missing
0 = Never
1 = Rarely
2 = Sometimes
3 = Often
4 = Always
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q72a. Cause of violent conflicts-- 1st response
-1 = Missing data
0 = Nothing
1 = Religion
2 = Ethnic/tribal differences
3 = Exclusion from political leadership
4 = Political party disputes
5 = Political leadership disputes
6 = Personal properties / inheritance
7 = Natural resources
8 = Boundary or land disputes
9 = Economic problems
10 = Social deprivation
11 = Traditional leadership disputes
12 = Location of local government centers
13 = Interpersonal/family matters
14 = Group conflict
15 = Corruption/illegal activity
16 = Labour/workplace disputes
17 = Sports supporters
18 = Human rights/legal issues/injustices
19 = Personal behaviors
20 = Crime
21 = Discrimination/inequality
22 = Politics/political issues
23 = Poor communications/misunderstandings
24 = Social issues (gay rights, prostitution)
25 = Overpopulation
26 = Lack of respect for elders or other people
27 = Unwanted children/orphans
28 = Business competition
29 = Loans/unpaid debts
50 = Alcoholism/drinking/alcohol
51 = Drugs/drug use
52 = Racism
995 = Other
997 = Not applicable
998 = Refused to answer
999 = Don't know

Q72b. Cause of violent conflicts -- 2nd response
-1 = Missing data
1 = Religion
2 = Ethnic/tribal differences
3 = Exclusion from political leadership
4 = Political party disputes
5 = Political leadership disputes
6 = Personal properties / inheritance
7 = Natural resources
8 = Boundary or land disputes
9 = Economic problems
10 = Social deprivation
11 = Traditional leadership disputes
12 = Location of local government centers
13 = Interpersonal/family matters
14 = Group conflict
15 = Corruption/illegal activity
16 = Labour/workplace disputes
17 = Sports supporters
18 = Human rights/legal issues/injustices
19 = Personal behaviors
20 = Crime
21 = Discrimination/inequality
22 = Politics/political issues
23 = Poor communications/misunderstandings
24 = Social issues (gay rights, prostitution)
25 = Overpopulation
26 = Lack of respect for elders or other people
27 = Unwanted children/orphans
28 = Business competition
29 = Loans/unpaid debts
50 = Alcoholism/drinking/alcohol
51 = Drugs/drug use
52 = Racism
995 = Other
996 = No further reply
997 = Not applicable

Q73pt1. Who resolves conflicts -- 1st response
-1 = Missing
0 = No-one
1 = The people involved in the conflict
2 = Family/friends/neighbors
3 = Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators
4 = Traditional courts
5 = Local courts
6 = Local administration
7 = A religious organization or leader
8 = A non-governmental organization
9 = A vigilante group
10 = The armed forces/police
11 = Other government agencies
12 = National courts
13 = The armed forces of other countries
14 = International mediators
15 = Federal Government
16 = Divine Intervention/God
17 = All levels of government
18 = President
19 = Law makers
20 = Security companies
21 = Myself
22 = Other community leaders
990 = Conflicts cannot be resolved
995 = Other
997 = Not applicable
998 = Refused
999 = Don't know

Q73pt2. Who resolves conflicts -- 2nd response
-1 = Missing
1 = The people involved in the conflict
2 = Family/friends/neighbors
3 = Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators
4 = Traditional courts
5 = Local courts
6 = Local administration
7 = A religious organization or leader
8 = A non-governmental organization
9 = A vigilante group
10 = The armed forces/police
11 = Other government agencies
12 = National courts
13 = The armed forces of other countries
14 = International mediators
15 = Federal Government
16 = Divine Intervention/God
17 = All levels of government
18 = President
19 = Law makers
20 = Security companies
21 = Myself
22 = Other community leaders
995 = Other
996 = No further reply
997 = Not applicable

Q80. Age
-1 = Missing
998 = Refused
999 = Don't know

Q81. Head of household
-1 = Missing
0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q82. Children <18yrs
-1 = Missing
98 = Refused
99 = Don't know

Q83. Language of respondent
-1 = Missing
1 = English
2 = French
3 = Portuguese
4 = Kiswahili
140 = Tumbuka
141 = Nkhonde
142 = Lambya
143 = Chewa
144 = Yao
145 = Ngoni
146 = Lomwe
147 = Mang'anja
148 = Sena
149 = Chindali
150 = Senga
151 = Tonga
995 = Other
998 = Refused
999 = Don't know

Q84. Education of respondent
-1 = Missing
0 = No formal schooling
1 = Informal schooling only
2 = Some primary schooling
3 = Primary school completed
4 = Some secondary school/high school
5 = Secondary school completed/high school
6 = Post-secondary qualifications, not university
7 = Some university, college
8 = University, college completed
9 = Post-graduate
98 = Refused
99 = Don't know

Q85. Religion of respondent
-1 = Missing
0 = None
1 = Islam
2 = Catholic
3 = Protestant (Mainstream)
4 = Protestant (Evangelical/Pentecostal)
5 = African Independent Church
6 = Traditional religion
7 = Hindu
8 = Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God)
9 = Atheist (Do not believe in a God)
10 = Christian (general)
11 = Jehovah's Witness
12 = Seventh Day Adventist/Mormon
13 = Racionalismo Cristao/Christian Rationalism
995 = Other
998 = Refused
999 = Don't know

Q86. How often attend religious services
-1 = Missing
1 = Never
2 = About once a year or less
3 = About once every several months
4 = About once a month
5 = About once a week
6 = More than once a week
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q87a. Close to political party
-1 = Missing
0 = No, not close to any party
140 = United Democratic Front (UDF) Party
141 = Malawi Congress Party (MCP)
142 = Alliance for Democracy (AFORD)
143 = National Democratic Alliance (NDA) Pressure Group
144 = MAFUNDE
995 = Other
998 = Refused to answer
999 = Don't know

Q87b. How close to this political party
-1 = Missing
1 = Not very close
2 = Somewhat close
3 = Very close
7 = Not applicable
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q88. Main occupation
-1 = Missing
0 = Never had a job
1 = Farmer (produces only for home consumption)
2 = Farmer (produces surplus for sale)
3 = Farmer (produces mainly for sale)
4 = Farm worker
5 = Fisherman
6 = Trader/Hawker/Vendor
7 = Businessperson
8 = Professional Worker (e.g., lawyer, accountant, nurse, etc.)
9 = Supervisor/Foreman
10 = Clerical Worker
12 = Miner
14 = Domestic Worker/Maid/Char/Househelp
15 = Teacher
16 = Government Worker
17 = Armed Services/Police/ Security Personnel
18 = Student
19 = Housewife/Works In the Household
22 = Retail worker
23 = Artisan/skilled manual worker - formal sector
24 = Artisan/skilled manual worker - informal sector
25 = Unskilled manual in the formal sector
26 = Unskilled manual worker in the informal sector
27 = Driver
990 = Unemployed
991 = Retired
992 = Disabled
993 = Anything
995 = Other
998 = Refused
999 = Don't know

Q89. Employment status
-1 = Missing
0 = No (not looking)
1 = No (looking)
2 = Yes, part time (not looking)
3 = Yes, part time (looking)
4 = Yes, full time (not looking)
5 = Yes, full time (looking)
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q90. Household income
-1 = Missing
0 = None
1 = MK1-100
2 = MK101-200
3 = MK201-300
4 = MK301-400
5 = MK401-500
6 = MK501-750
7 = MK751-1000
8 = MK1001-2000
9 = MK2001-3000
10 = Over MK3000
98 = Refused
99 = Don't know

Q92. Household financial situation
-1 = Missing
0 = Both spend savings AND borrow money
1 = Borrow money to live on
2 = Spend some savings
3 = Spend all income (break even)
4 = Save money
9 = Don't know
98 = Refused

Q93a. Physical health
-1 = Missing
0 = Never
1 = Just once or twice
2 = Many times
3 = Always
9 = Don't Know
98 = Refused

Q94. Died of AIDS
-1 = Missing
998 = Will not say/Refused
999 = Don't know

Q95. Perceived survey sponsor
-1 = Missing
0 = No one
1 = Government (general)
2 = Government -- Federal/central
3 = Government -- State/regional/provincial
4 = Government -- Local
5 = President or President's Office
6 = State/Regional/Provincial Governor
7 = National/Federal Office of Statistics or Census Office
8 = National/Federal Ministry of Health
9 = NGOs
10 = Government Ministry/Agency (general)
12 = International Organizations or Actors
13 = National/Federal Ministry of Information
20 = Research programme/research company (e.g.,RMS)
21 = Newspapers/media
22 = Political parties/politicians
23 = University/college/school
24 = Private company
25 = Public service company (including utility company)
26 = National planning commission
27 = White people/boers
28 = National/Federal Ministry of Agriculture
29 = Afrobarometer National Pr
30 = The courts
31 = Religious organization
32 = Enemies/people who want to hurt us/take our property
33 = Secret service/national intelligence service
995 = Other
998 = Refused
999 = Don't know

Q96new. Race of respondent
1 = Black/African
2 = White/European
3 = Coloured/Mixed Race
4 = Arab/Lebanese
5 = South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.)
6 = East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Japanese, etc.)
95 = Other

Q97. Language of interview
-1 = Missing
1 = English
2 = French
3 = Portuguese
4 = Kiswahili
140 = Tumbuka
141 = Nkhonde
142 = Lambya
143 = Chewa
144 = Yao
145 = Ngoni
146 = Lomwe
147 = Mang'anja
995 = Other
998 = Refused
999 = Don't know

Q98. Type of shelter
1 = Non-traditional/Formal House/Duplex
2 = Traditional House/Hut
3 = Temporary structure/Shack
4 = Flat in block of flats
5 = Single Room in larger dwelling structure or backyard
6 = Room in hotel, residential hotel
7 = Hostel in Industrial or Farming Compound
995 = Other

Q99. Others present
1 = No one
2 = Spouse
3 = Children Only
4 = A few others
5 = Small crowd

Q100. Check with others
0 = No
1 = Yes

Q102. Difficulty answering
0 = None
1 = Few
2 = Some
3 = Most
4 = All

Q103a. Respondent friendly
1 = Friendly
2 = In between
3 = Hostile

Q103b. Respondent interested
1 = Interested
2 = In between
3 = Bored

Q103c. Respondent cooperative
1 = Cooperative
2 = In between
3 = Uncooperative

Q103d. Respondent patient
1 = Patient
2 = In between
3 = Impatient

Q103e. Respondent at ease
1 = At ease
2 = In between
3 = Suspicious

Q103f. Respondent honest
1 = Honest
2 = In between
3 = Misleading

Q109. Interviewer urban or rural
1 = Rural
2 = Urban

Q111. Interviewer's education
0 = No formal schooling
1 = Informal schooling (including Koranic) only
2 = Some primary schooling
3 = Primary school completed
4 = Some high school
5 = High school completed
6 = Post secondary qualifications (not university )
7 = Some university, college
8 = University, college completed
9 = Post graduate

Q112a. Post office in the PSU/EA
0 = No
1 = Yes
9 = Can't determine

Q114d. Traffic lights working
0 = No
1 = Yes
7 = Not applicable

Q115a. Graded sand/dirt roads
1 = 0 kms
2 = < 5 kms
3 = 5 - 10 kms
4 = All